Snapshot 6–12 May 2015

Iraq: Conflict has escalated in a number of locations. In Anbar, fighting has displaced more than 47,000 in Karmah district, and more than 133,000 around Ramadi. Clashes between Islamic State and government forces have intensified around Baiji oil refinery, in Salah al Din.

Nepal: A second earthquake of magnitude 7.3 struck on 12 May. As of 1800 local time, 37 people have been reported killed and 1,129 injured. The earthquake was followed by aftershocks with magnitudes up to 6.3. Major landslides have been reported, further hampering relief efforts.

Niger: 3,300 suspected cases of meningitis recorded as an epidemic is declared in eight districts. Vaccines are reported to be out of stock. 39,700 people have reportedly been displaced from islands on Lake Chad, due to planned military operations against Boko Haram.

South Sudan: Since the beginning of May, up to 100,000 people have been displaced by fighting south of Bentiu, Unity state. Bentiu’s Protection of Civilians (PoC) site, housing 52,900 IDPs, is so close to the fighting that the displaced are seeking safety elsewhere. Fighting in Upper Nile saw 1,500 IDPs arrive at the Malakal PoC site over 22–23 April.

Updated: 12/05/2015. Next update: 19/05/2015

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Contents

201 Dracunculiasis eradication: global surveillance summary, 2014

215 Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January– March 2015

Sommaire

201 Éradication de la dracunculose: bilan de la surveillance mondiale, 2014

215 Rapport mensuel des cas de dracunculose, janvier-mars 2015

HIGHLIGHTS

• Following the insurgent attack on the island of Karamja on 25 April, during which 46 Niger soldiers and 28 civilians were killed, Niger authorities in the Lake Region have ordered thousands of people in villages on the islands to evacuate.

• UNHCR has completed the distribution of NFIs in 5 north-eastern States (i.e. Adamawa, Borno, Bauchi, Gombe and Yobe) meeting the projected target of 13,000 households, which include 65,000 individuals selected among the most vulnerable IDPs.

• UNHCR issued a revised Supplementary Appeal on 8 May, which covers the needs of refugees and IDPs in countries of asylum, as well as those of IDPs in Nigeria. This brings the total requirements for 2015 for the Nigeria Situation to USD 114.5 million, including USD 97.5 million additional financial requirements.

Au 19 avril 2015, la région de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre a enregistré environ 8,239 cas et 151 décès (Let = 1.8%) de cholé-ra dans 6 pays.

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As of 19th April 2015, 8,230 cases and 151 deaths (CFR = 1.8%) of cholera have been registered in the West and Central Africa region in 6 countries.

FOCUS

Paix, sécurité et développement en Afrique Centrale:

La réponse du PNUD La violence et les conflits internes qui ont troublé le Nord-Est du Nigéria et la République Centrafricane (RCA) ont provoqué l’une des situations les plus catastrophiques et complexes qu’a connue la Région de l’Afrique Centrale depuis plus de 30 ans. Ces tensions sont à l’origine d’une situation humanitaire préoccupante et marquée par de nombreuses pertes en vies humaines, des dizaines de milliers de disparus, de réfugiés et de déplacés ayant trouvés refuge dans les pays voisins. Aux plan socio-politique et économique, ces crises constituent une menace directe pour la stabilité de la région

Iraq: Islamic State have taken control of Ramadi. 500 died and 42,840 people fled fighting in the city over 16–17 May, adding to the 180,000 displaced in Anbar since early April. Access to new IDPs in Habbaniyah, Khadiyah district, is limited due to insecurity, and health concerns are growing.

Sudan: Fighting between Southern Reizeigat and Maaliya tribes in Abu Karinka, East Darfur, has reportedly displaced up to 24,000 households – 168,000 people. Those who remain have been cut off from water, food, and fuel aid. Measles cases have climbed to 4,127 so far this year, with West Darfur the worst-affected state.

Burundi: Displacement has increased sharply with the worsening political crisis. 105,000 people are seeking asylum in neighbouring countries, including 78,000 in Tanzania, where living conditions are worsening rapidly. Political protests continue in Burundi, despite the President warning that protesters will be considered accomplices of perpetrators of the attempted coup.

Myanmar: 6,000–8,000 Rohingya and Bangladeshis – most from Myanmar – are thought to be at sea and unable to reach shore. Many are adrift and in severe need of water and food.

Updated: 19/05/2015. Next update: 27/05/2015

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SOMMAIRE

La communauté humanitaire au Tchad recherche USD 540millions pour répondre aux besoins humanitaires de 2,5 millions de personnes en 2015. Ces fonds permettront de répondre à quatre défis humanitaires principaux liés à l’insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition (44% du total demande), aux réfugiés et personnes déplacées (48% du total), aux urgences sanitaires (6% du total) et aux catastrophes naturelles (1% du total).

La stratégie humanitaire pour le Tchad est alignée avec la stratégie régionale pour le Sahel, et cherche à répondre aux trois objectifs stratégiques suivants :

• Fournir une assistance d’urgence coordonnée et intégrée pour les personnes vulnérables

• Appuyer les populations vulnérables à mieux faire face aux chocs en répondant plus tôt aux alertes, en réduisant le temps de récupération après une crise et en renforçant les capacités des acteurs nationaux

• Analyser les risques et les vulnérabilités en intégrant les résultats des programmes humanitaires et de développement, et en plaidant pour des changements structurels et des mesures préventives

La réponse comprendra des actions multisectorielles qui contribuent à ces objectifs stratégiques. Ces actions, qui sont élaborés dans le Plan d’Action Humanitaire, se poursuivent dans les domaines de la sécurité alimentaire, la santé, l’eau et l’assainissement, les abris, la gestion et la coordination des camps, la protection et l’éducation. Les stratégies sectorielles définissent également les liens établis par chacun des clusters avec le gouvernement et les acteurs de développement pour assurer une approche cohérente.

Il convient de noter que les fonds demandés couvriront qu'une partie des besoins dans le pays. Sur les 3 millions de personnes dans le besoin, la communauté humanitaire ne pourra cibler que 2 ,5 millions de personnes.

Mali: Gao and Timbutku regions have been the scene of multiple clashes between the Azawad Movement Coalition and Malian forces, as well as the pro-government Gatia militia. At least 12 people have been killed, including nine civilians. About 31,500 people have been displaced from three districts in Timbuktu region. They are in urgent needs of water, food, NFIs, and shelter support, but access is limited.

Yemen: Violence increased after the ceasefire ended 17 May, and surged again after the postponement of peace talks on 25 May. Casualty numbers since the escalation of conflict in March have reached 1,870 dead and 7,580 injured. 490,000 people in Sa’ada can no longer be reached, and food items are no longer available in a number of governorates. The fuel crisis is making it even more difficult to meet basic needs.

DRC: A surge in ADF attacks in Beni territory, North Kivu, has displaced more than 15,000 people. In Orientale, 4,000 people have been displaced by an FARDC offensive. In Katanga, 400 cases of measles are being recorded per week in Malemba Nkulu territory.

Updated: 27/05/2015. Next update: 02/06/2015

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Faits saillants

• Les besoins humanitaires se sont accentués dans la région à la suite des déplacements des populations des îles du Lac Tchad vers la terre ferme.

• L’eau , l’hygiène et l’assainissement, la santé et les biens non alimentaires restent les besoins prioritaires identifiés à Bosso.

• Le Directeur des opérations d e l’OCHA, M. John Ging, a effectué une visite dans la région de Diffa le 1 er mai.

Snapshot 28 May–2 June 2015

Iraq: 104,000 IDPs from Ramadi district over 15–29 May brings the total number of displaced in Anbar to 238,000 since April. They are facing serious restrictions accessing neighbouring governorates. In Anbar, Islamic State abducted 400 children in the last week of May. The humanitarian response for Syria is facing severe cutbacks due to funding shortages.

Yemen: Violence has escalated even further. Displacement has increased in Sa’ada, Hajjah, and Amran governorates, and the humanitarian situation continues to worsen in Aden, Lahj, Taizz, and Al Dhalee.

Somalia: Nearly 12,000 people have arrived in Somalia from Yemen since late March. 3,665 people arrived in Bosaso, Puntland and Berbera, Somaliland over 21–27 May. Camps are overcrowded and cannot meet needs: Bosaso only has capacity for 500, and Berbera for 200. Authorities in Somaliland have stated they will no longer accept arrivals in Berbera as they cannot provide the necessary assistance. Some 7,000 more people are registered to travel to Somalia.

Updated: 02/06/2015. Next update: 09/06/2015

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2015 HIGHLIGHTS

· Although violence has now subsided in some parts of CAR, the security situation in 2015 remains volatile, and armed groups are still active. There are more than 450,000 Central African refugees in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo and Chad, while an estimated of 436,000 persons are internally displaced.

· Persisting insecurity in many areas continues to impede MSF’s ability to reach people in need through its 16 projects. MSF’s mobile clinics have been stopped by armed elements on numerous occasions around cities like Batangafo, Kabo, Bambari and Boguila, hindering access to people in more remote locations where there are no functioning health facilities.

· Even though the situation seemed calmer by March, there was actually an increase in incidents mostly in the north-west of the country near the Chadian border. The incidents are more directed at civilians than NGOs.

· Towards the end of 2014, armed clashes between rebel groups with the implication of nomadic Peuhl cattle herders drove a growing number of displaced people into the camp in Batangafo. By the end of April 2015, approximately 35,000 people were residing in the camp. Besides running a hospital,
MSF has deployed seven health agents to closely monitor the sanitary and health situation of the displaced.

· The two years of political crisis have exacerbated the country’s pre-existing shortage of health services, leaving Central African Republic in a state of a protracted chronic health emergency, or desert sanitaire. In some areas like Kouango, routine vaccinations have not been carried out for two years, and fewer than 50% of children in CAR have been vaccinated against infectious diseases. As a result of the conflict, 72.5% of the country’s facilities are either destroyed or not functioning.
Moreover, epidemiological surveillance in CAR is currently non-existent.

· In February, the government announced measles, rubella and rabies epidemics. In response, MSF organised three mass measles vaccination campaigns for children under 15 in the town of Bria, at the displaced people camp in Batangafo, as well as in Batangafo town and the cities of Nzako and Bakouma. By the end of March, 33,000 children had been vaccinated.

· Malaria remains a major killer throughout MSF’s projects in CAR, in some areas accounting for 90% of cases, taking the greatest toll on children below the age of five. The protracted conflict and displacement, lack of resources and access to basic health care are the biggest obstacles to fighting malaria in CAR.

· In February, following reports that around 30,000 people from Kouango province in the south of CAR had fled into neighbouring DRC and other parts of CAR, MSF travelled to the area to evaluate humanitarian needs. MSF have put in place mobile clinics, as well as support for the hospital in Kouango, providing secondary healthcare.

· For more than a year Muslim populations have remained locked within enclaves in cities like Berberati or Carnot, among others. MSF continues to support the enclaves with mobile clinics and referrals to the hospital for both children and adults, and continues to closely monitor the situation and needs.

· January and February saw a lot of tension and recurrent clashes in Bambari (Ouaka), not only between the different armed groups, but also within those groups. In April and May the situation remained highly volatile and the underlying tensions have not improved. People are often afraid to move and MSF has tried to reach the different communities by providing healthcare to all sides.
Local attacks on different villages by various elements occurred, during which the population was harassed.

FAITS SAILLANTS 2015

· Bien que la violence ait reculé dans certaines régions de la RCA, en 2015, la situation sécuritaire reste volatile et les groupes armés toujours actifs. Il y a plus de 450 000 réfugiés centrafricains au Cameroun, en République démocratique du Congo, au Congo et au Tchad ; dans le même temps, le nombre de déplacés dans le pays est estimé à 436 000 personnes.

· L'insécurité persistante dans de nombreuses zones du pays continue d'entraver la capacité de MSF à atteindre les personnes ayant besoin d’assistance via nos 16 projets. Ainsi, à de nombreuses reprises, les dispensaires mobiles de MSF ont été stoppés par des éléments armés dans les alentours de villes comme Batangafo, Kabo, Bambari et Boguila, entravant ainsi notre accès à des populations situées dans des zones plus éloignées où aucune structure de santé ne fonctionne.

· Même si en mars la situation semble plus calme, on note tout de même une nette augmentation du nombre d’incidents, principalement dans le nord-ouest du pays, près de la frontière tchadienne. Les civils en sont davantage victimes que les ONG.

· Fin 2014, des affrontements armés entre groupes rebelles - avec implication également des nomades et éleveurs Peuls - ont conduit au déplacement d’un nombre croissant de personnes vers le camp de Batangafo. Fin avril 2015, environ 35 000 personnes vivaient dans le camp. En plus de la gestion de l'hôpital, MSF a déployé sept agents de santé afin de surveiller de près la situation sanitaire et l’état de santé des personnes déplacées.

· Ces deux années de crise politique ont aggravé la pénurie préexistante de services de santé dans le pays. La RCA est désormais un contexte d'urgence sanitaire chronique et prolongée, un désert sanitaire. Dans certaines zones comme Kouango, les vaccinations de routine n’ont pas été effectuées depuis deux ans et moins de 50% des enfants centrafricains ont été vaccinés contre les maladies infectieuses. En raison du conflit, 72,5% des structures de santé du pays sont soit détruites, ou ne fonctionnent pas/plus. De plus, la surveillance épidémiologique est actuellement inexistante.

· En février, le gouvernement a fait part d’épidémies de rougeole, de rubéole et de rage. MSF a organisé trois campagnes de vaccination de masse contre la rougeole pour les enfants âgés de moins de 15 dans la ville de Bria, dans le camp de déplacés et la ville de Batangafo, ainsi que dans villes de Nzako et Bakouma. Fin mars, 33 000 enfants avaient été vaccinés.

· Le paludisme reste un facteur majeur de décès dans les structures de MSF en RCA, dans certaines régions il représente 90% des cas, surtout parmi les enfants de moins de cinq enfants. Le conflit qui se prolonge, les déplacements de populations, le manque de ressources et d'accès aux soins de santé de base sont les plus grands obstacles à la lutte contre le paludisme en RCA.

· En février, alertée par des rapports qui évaluaient que près de 30.000 personnes de la province de Kouango dans le sud du pays avaient fui en RDC ou d'autres régions de la RCA, MSF est partie dans la région pour évaluer les besoins humanitaires. Des cliniques mobiles ont été mises en place ainsi qu’un appui à l'hôpital de Kouango pour les soins secondaires.

· Pendant plus d'un an, les populations musulmanes sont restées enfermées dans des enclaves situées dans des villes comme Berberati ou Carnot, entre autres. MSF continue à soutenir ces enclaves avec des cliniques mobiles et des références à l'hôpital pour les enfants et les adultes, et continue de surveiller étroitement la situation et les besoins.

· Janvier et février ont vu beaucoup de tensions et d'affrontements récurrents à Bambari (Ouaka), non seulement entre les différents groupes armés, mais aussi au sein de ces groupes. En avril et mai, la situation est restée très volatile et les tensions sous-jacentes ne se sont pas améliorées. Les gens ont souvent peur de se déplacer et MSF a essayé d'atteindre les différentes communautés en fournissant des soins de santé à tous. Des attaques locales sur plusieurs villages par divers groupes ont eu lieu, au cours desquelles la population a été harcelée.

Jun 2015

L'Essentiel

• La période de soudure a débuté en Gambie, en Guinée Bissau, au Mali, en Mauritanie, au Niger et au Sénégal, principalement dans les zones ayant souffert d'un déficit de pluies pendant la campagne 2014/2015.
• Les résultats du forum PRESAO indiquent de fortes probabilités de précipitations déficitaires sur certaines parties de la région pour 2015.
• En raison de perspectives météorologiques défavorables dans certaines zones, des mouvements atypiques de prix suite à la spéculation des commerçants pourraient être observé pour la prochaine campagne agricole.

KEY MESSAGES

• In West Africa, market availability was adequate in April, with supplies from recent 2014/15 harvests and international rice and wheat imports. Staple food prices were stable or declining, except in areas directly and indirectly affected by the conflict in northeastern Nigeria. The recent opening of borders among Ebola-affected countries contributed to improved trade flows in some areas, following disruptions over the second half of 2014.

• In East Africa, maize prices increased seasonally in surplus-producing Uganda and Tanzania, and in neighboring Kenya.

Maize prices remained stable or began increasing in Somalia and Ethiopia, following seasonal trends, and market supplies tightened. Markets were likewise well-supplied within Somalia, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Staple food prices were high and variable in the Greater Upper Nile States of South Sudan. Conflict and insecurity continued to disrupt markets in parts of South Sudan, Somalia, and the Darfur and South Kordofan States in Sudan.

• In Southern Africa, the 2015 harvests set in during the month of April in South Africa, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, improving local staple food market supplies and putting downward pressure on prices. However, market supplies continued tightening in Malawi as green harvests (which normally appear as early as March) were not yet available and prices continued increasing in April in some areas. Maize prices were generally similar to their respective 2014 levels but higher than their respective five-year average levels region-wide.

• Staple food availability remained generally adequate to meet local needs throughout Central America and Haiti. However, market supplies were below-average in Haiti due to the effects of a recent below-average Otoño harvest (October – December) and high seed demand for planting, causing atypical price increases for black beans. Maize, red bean, and black bean prices were stable in Central America due to the availability of supplies from the Postrera and Postrera Tardia harvest in Honduras and El Salvador. Market supplies were likewise supported in Guatemala with recent harvests from and the Northern Transversal Strip as well as imports from Mexico. Regionally-produced staple food prices remained significantly above their respective 2014 and five-year average levels throughout Central America.

• In Central Asia, wheat availability remained good in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Prices remained stable in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan after increasing over the last quarter of 2014.

• International maize, rice, wheat, and soybean prices were stable and below their respective 2014 levels due to very well-supplied global markets from record or near-record global production in 2014. Crude oil prices increased in April 2015 after declining considerably during the second half of 2014.

Snapshot 3-9 June 2015

Yemen: 20 million people, close to 80% of the population, are estimated to need humanitarian aid. 500,000 people were displaced in May, bringing the total displaced since 26 March to more than 1 million. The escalation in the conflict has meant two million more people are food insecure, and six million more lack access to healthcare, and 9.4 million lack access to safe water.

Nigeria: The situation in the northeast is destabilising further. Boko Haram attacks killed more than 66 people over 4–7 June. Populations in parts of Yobe, Borno, and Adamawa states are expected to face Emergency food insecurity between July and September.

Sudan: In South Kordofan, 26,000 people were displaced by violence in May. Increased violence in South Sudan has brought 13,000 new refugees to White Nile and South Kordofan since the end of May. In Darfur, some 100,000 people are thought to have been displaced since the beginning of the year, but they cannot be reached and numbers cannot be confirmed.

Go to www.geo.acaps.org for analysis of more than 40 humanitarian crises.

Updated: 09/06/2015 Next Update: 16/06/2015

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Highlights

• Humanitarian needs have increased in the region following the movements of populations from the Lake Chad islands to the mainland.

• Water, hygiene and sanitation, health services and non-food items remain the priority needs identified in Bosso.

• OCHA’s Operations Director, John Ging, visited Diffa region on 1 May.

HIGHLIGHTS

• 3.5 million people are currently displaced in the Sahel, a two-fold increase since Fenbruary 2014.

• Update on the displacement and others crises in Cameroon.

• A community radio in the Central African Republic helps in fostering harmony

• Ebola outbreak declared over in Liberia

HIGHLIGHTS

• Violence in Blue Nile’s Bau Locality and East Darfur’s Abu Karinka Locality results in property destruction and population displacement

• USAID/FFP provides approximately 47,500 metric tons (MT) of emergency food assistance to Sudan in late May

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

• Armed clashes between members of the Ma’aliya and Rizeigat ethnic groups in Abu Karinka affected or displaced approximately 24,000 people and destroyed at least 660 houses in early May, according to the Government of Sudan (GoS) Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC).

• In late May, the GoS identified three new refugee sites in White Nile State—which currently hosts more than 88,700 South Sudanese refugees at seven sites—to address concerns associated with overcrowding. With the arrival of more than 13,000 South Sudanese refugees to Southern Kordofan and White Nile states since late May, White Nile’s current refugeehosting sites are facing environmental and WASH challenges, the UN reports.

• USAID/FFP partner the UN World Food Program (WFP) is launching a school feeding program in Southern Kordofan and pre-positioning emergency food commodities in preparation for the May-to-October lean season; however, the UN agency reports that funding challenges could jeopardize its food voucher program.

Ongoing USG Humanitarian Assistance to Sudan (as of 15 June 2015)

Highlights

• More than 10,000 people have been newly displaced as a result of a Boko Haram attack on Niger from Lake Chad at the end of April and the resulting Niger military operations in the area. The Governor of Diffa called on the population to leave the targeted area. The newly displaced remain a highly mobile population, with thousands in hard to reach islands.

• A HCT-mandated security assessment was joined by UNICEF staff for a rapid needs assessment in the Lake region. In addition to acceptable humanitarian access, the mission found thousands of newly displaced populations with urgent needs in access to safe drinking water and sanitation, health care and shelter.

• In response to new displacement in the Lake Region, UNICEF and its local partner provided over 10,000 IDPs, returnees and refugees from Nigeria and Niger with WASH kits and water treatment demonstrations in the month of May.

• 45,157 children with severe acute malnutrition (45% of targeted children in Sahel Belt) have been treated in 496 health centers from January to April 2015. In the regions of Kanem, Bahr El Gazal and Guera admissions have already reached 106%, 79% and 74% of the annual target respectively.

• Many needs remain uncovered in the response to the needs of the CAR-crisis affected populations in Chad. Funding is largely insufficient for the needs. Funding for health, education and even shelter is lacking in both the Mandoul and in the Logones, and gaps in WASH funding persist.

• UNICEF emergency needs for the year are 8% funded, with just over USD 5.3 million received. The lack of funding is limiting UNICEF’s ability to respond to immediate needs as well as to prepare for imminent ones.

Snapshot 10–16 June 2015

Ebola in Sierra Leone and Guinea: Weekly Ebola case incidence has risen for two consecutive weeks. Guinea recorded 16 new cases in the week to 7 June, five from unknown chains of transmission. Sierra Leone recorded 15 cases, the highest weekly total since late March. It has extended the state of emergency for 90 days.

Syria: May was the deadliest month of 2015, with 6,657 people killed, including 1,285 civilians. Fighting has intensified in Aleppo in June, and in Ar-Raqqa. 20,000 people who fled fighting in Ar-Raqqa were blocked at the border with Turkey for several days.

Ukraine: Humanitarian needs are increasing, as conflict intensifies again. Nearly 4.5 million people need health support, and 1.4 million people need shelter support, compared to 1.5 million and 600,000 end March.

Updated: 16/06/2015. Next update 23/06/2015.

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